Who Should Be Checked for Vitamin B12 Deficiency An older person should probably be checked for Vitamin B12 deficiency if he or she is experiencing any of the health problems that can be caused by low levels of this vitamin
Working with a dietitian to ensure the diet contains sufficient essential fatty acids, micronutrients, and protein can support hormonal function
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Research and patient education resources on type 2 diabetes management and GLP-1 mechanism of action
High oxidative stress states: Smoking, pollution, heavy alcohol use
GLP-1 therapy typically cuts daily energy intake by 1639%, and a 2026 review of 480,825 adults found more than 60% of users falling below requirements for calcium and iron, with vitamin D intake averaging just 20% of recommendations (Urbina et al., Clinical Obesity 2026)