T-GSH, GSSG, and GSH assessment Blood samples were collected at two time points: within 24 h before the first ECT session (baseline) and within 2 h after the completion of the last ECT session in the course
Glutathione is also a cornerstone of the body's natural detoxification process
Gut microbiota-derived metabolites and their importance in neurological disorders
Simultaneously, LPS significantly inhibits the expression of hepatic SIRT1 and FOXA2, which downregulates the NFE2L2/HMOX1 antioxidant signaling axis, diminishes the activity of key antioxidant enzymes (e.g., CAT, SOD, and GPX1), and upregulates autophagy-related proteins such as MAP1LC3-II and ATG5 171
Melatonin can also influence mitochondria-dependent apoptotic processes by interfering with the release of ROS, cytochrome c, and cell death regulatory proteins [47]