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Aid Program for Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province

At a glance Drug class / retatrutide is a triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist (investigational) Phase 2 weight loss result / 24.2% mean body-weight reduction at 48 weeks in the NEJM 2023 trial (N=338) Berberine mechanism / activates AMPK, inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis, reduces intestinal glucose absorption Primary interaction type / pharmacodynamic (additive glucose lowering) plus potential pharmacokinetic (CYP3A4, P-gp inhibition by berberine) Hypoglycemia risk / clinically meaningful when berberine is added to any incretin-based therapy Berberine dose studied for metabolic benefit / 500 mg two to three times daily in most RCTs Regulatory status / retatrutide remains investigational

These mechanisms rely primarily on small-sample studies or animal models and lack in vivo mechanistic data from human subjects

Enteric glia and neuroprotection: basic and clinical aspects

Instead, we used a short TE (17 ms) to minimize the effects of any potential differences in T2 relaxation times