l-glutathione or reduced glutathione Reduced Glutathione Antioxidant - Immune

IL-1 and TNF- cause damage to mitochondrial DNA, decreased energy production and mitochondrial transcription, therefore triggering apoptosis in chondrocytes

Couser WG, Johnson RJ

Ahmad P, Alyemeni MN, Al-Huqail AA, Alqahtani MA, Wijaya L, Ashraf M et al (2020) Zinc oxide nanoparticles application alleviates arsenic (As) toxicity in soybean plants by restricting the uptake of as and modulating key biochemical attributes, antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate-glutathione cycle and glyoxalase system

Glutathione may support a range of conditions where endogenous levels are depleted due to high oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, or immune dysregulation

To ensure consistent peptide concentrations across samples, the digested peptides were quantified using the Pierce Quantitative Colorimetric Peptide Assay (#23275, Thermo Fisher Scientific), a modified BCA assay