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The number of cells and the extracellular matrix of glomeruli is reduced to alleviate kidney fibrosis by HKC and reverse the increase in the markers of oxidative stress, such as malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, total superoxide dismutase (SOD), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-4 [39]

Essential means that it is an amino acid that we have to get from foods, and it is needed for the production of proteins in the body

Moreover, some individuals might've allergies to the preservative, leading to adverse reactions

Epidemiology of acute kidney injury in critically ill patients: the multinational AKI-EPI study