[DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 162.Li T., Lindsley K., Rouse B., Hong H., Shi Q., Friedman S.S., Wormald R., Dickersin K
Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, histone acetylation/methylation, and microRNAs, act as dynamic regulators of genes involved in steroid biosynthesis, angiogenesis, and programmed cell death
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The Safety Summary The Bottom Line For treating specific hyperpigmentation dark spots, PIH, melasma, uneven patches topical kojic acid has significantly stronger clinical evidence, a well-established safety profile, and a targeted mechanism that addresses the actual biology of those spots
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