As an inducer of NRF2, DMF could promote SLC7A11 and GPX4 expression, increase cellular cystine and glutathione levels, and mediate anti-oxidative stress effects
Although normal electron transport in mitochondria involves four-electron reduction of O 2 to water, partial reduction reactions occur under physiological conditions, causing release of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )
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AIDS 6:8159 Akerlund B, Jarstrand C, Lindeke B, Sonnerborg A, Akerblad AC, Rasool O (1996) Effect of n -acetylcysteine (NAC) treatment onHIV-1 infection: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial
Results: Silencing of IGFBP7 in U937-derived M0 macrophages resulted in increased expression of genes associated with regenerative macrophages (e.g., MMP12, MMP13, IGF-1), while decreasing the expression of genes associated with inflammatory macrophages (e.g., TNF-)