Most published evidence comes from laboratory and animal research
Tramadol was added to the list of prohibited substances in 2024
12 It appears highly likely that the hydroxyl radical, or similar species, produced endogenously within the lens is a major factor in nuclear cataract development
The AAD recommends: using lukewarm water when washing the face or bathing applying a gentle, alcohol-free cleanser with the fingertips if using a body scrub, gently massaging it into the skin in circular motions rinsing with lukewarm water patting, rather than rubbing, the skin dry with a towel applying moisturizer, taking special care not to tug at the skin around the eyes applying a mineral-based sunscreen to any area exposed to the sun During pregnancy, a person should avoid any products that contain retinoids, hydroquinone, formaldehyde, or phthalates
For the CTR group, the treatments were as described earlier