35 Klein-WieringaIRde Lange-BrokaarBJYusufEAndersenSNKwekkeboomJCKroonHMet al
Urban tertiary hospital studies indicate even higher rates, frequently ranging from 31% to 45%, reflecting lifestyle transitions, socioeconomic factors and reduced physical activity in metropolitan areas. Obesity contributes to a spectrum of complications including type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, osteoarthritis, obstructive sleep apnea and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, thereby increasing all-cause mortality and posing significant public health challenges[4]
It also lowers inflammatory markers like CRP and TNF-, which may contribute to reduced atherosclerotic risk
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Host-microbe co-metabolism dictates cancer drug efficacy in C